Royal Caribbean International – Voyager of the Seas, La Scala Theatre

Royal Caribbean International
Voyager of the Seas, La Scala Theatre


For the first time, Royal Caribbean International (RCI) turned to theatre planning and design consultants to help design two types of onboard theatres for its new Voyager class ships. FDA’s team of architects Wilson Butler Lodge, architectural lighting designers Fisher Marantz Stone, video designers Boyce Nemec, and acousticians Jaffe Holden was selected by RCI in a design competition among leading architectural and theatre design firms.

The elegant, 1,350-seat horseshoe-shaped La Scala Theatre is modeled after the legendary opera house in Milan. Some of its extraordinary features are: Broadway-quality rigging, highly versatile stage and orchestra lifts, and sophisticated sound, lighting, and video systems.

Technically, this theatre space provides a full complement of equipment for Broadway-style productions. The full-height flytower (a first on a cruise ship) allows the 25 foot-tall scenery to magically disappear on cue, while keeping the stage wings clear for a myriad of motorized scenic wagons that track on and off stage. A fast-moving turntable and multiple stage lifts accommodate both performers and scenic elements, while surround-sound speakers and hundreds of conventional and moving theatrical lights transform the theatre into a showcase for Royal Caribbean’s entertainment programs.

  • Client: Royal Caribbean International
  • Architect: Wilson Butler Lodge
  • Completion Year: 1999
  • Location: Miami, Florida
  • Lighting: Fisher Marantz Stone
  • Acoustician: Jaffe Holden Acoustics
  • Capacity: 1,347 seats

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Celebrity Cruises

Celebrity Cruises

Celebrity Cruises

For over 20 years, the FDA has immersed itself in the cruise ship industry and helped to deliver state-of-the-art performance and entertainment spaces. We have even helped to invent new kinds of venues never before seen aboard ship – in the same way that our work reinvented discotheques in the late 70s and 80s with Studio 54 and The Palladium. Thus, in addition to the reputation that FDA enjoys as consultants for some of the most significant land-based performing arts spaces throughout the U.S. and abroad, we bring imagination and creativity to our work on new and distinctive venues on board.

Since 2000, FDA has designed venues on Celebrity Cruise Line ships, including the Infinity, Solstice, and Celebrity vessels.


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Royal Caribbean International – Explorer of the Seas, The Palace Theater

Royal Caribbean International
Explorer of the Seas, The Palace Theater

Photo Credit: Wilson Butler Architects


In 1998, Royal Caribbean International (RCI) turned to theatre planning and design consultants to help design two types of onboard theatres for its new Voyager Class ships. FDA’s design partners – architects Wilson Butler Lodge, architectural lighting designers Fisher Marantz Stone, video designers Boyce Nemec, and acousticians Jaffe Holden were selected by RCI in a design competition among leading architectural and theatre design firms.

Explorer of the Seas is the second of five ships in this Class. Some of the extraordinary features are: full-height flytower, Broadway-quality rigging, highly versatile stage and orchestra lifts, and sophisticated sound, lighting, and video systems. The theatre spaces provide a full complement of technical equipment for Broadway-style productions.

The full-height flytower allows the 25 foot-high scenery to magically disappear on cue, while keeping the stage wings clear for motorized scenic wagons that track on and off stage. A fast-moving turntable and multiple stage and orchestra lifts accommodate both performers and scenic elements, while surround-sound speakers and hundreds of conventional and moving theatrical lights transform the theatre into a showcase for Royal Caribbean’s entertainment programs.

  • Client: Royal Caribbean International
  • Architect: Wilson Butler Lodge
  • Completion Year: 2000
  • Location: Miami, Florida
  • Lighting: Fisher Marantz Stone
  • Acoustician: JHS Acoustics
  • Capacity: 1,362 seats

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Royal Caribbean International

Royal Caribbean International (RCI)

Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines

For over 20 years, the FDA has immersed itself in the cruise ship industry and helped to deliver state-of-the-art performance and entertainment spaces. We have even helped to invent new kinds of venues never before seen aboard ship – in the same way that our work reinvented discotheques in the late 70s and 80s with Studio 54 and The Palladium. Thus, in addition to the reputation that FDA enjoys as consultants for some of the most significant land-based performing arts spaces throughout the U.S. and abroad, we bring imagination and creativity to our work on new and distinctive venues on board.

Since 1999, FDA has designed venues on Royal Caribbean International ships, including Voyager of the Seas, Explorer of the Seas, Radiance of the Seas, Adventure of the Seas, Brilliance of the Seas, Navigator of the Seas, Serenade of the Seas, and Oasis of the Seas.

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Celebrity Millennium, Celebrity Theater

Celebrity Millennium, Celebrity Theater

Fisher Dachs Associates, along with Wilson Butler Lodge (now WBA) designed the Theaters,for Celebrity’s new Millennium Class ships – Millennium, the class’ flagship, and its sister ship Infinity.

The 900-seat Celebrity Theaters represent a distinct departure from the show lounges on the line’s previous ships. An additional deck, making a total of five, was added to create a full balcony, and the stage is furnished with a full fly-loft behind a traditional proscenium.

The design is based on a contemporary rendition of a classical circular geometry. The room’s refined detailing is offset by a rich palette of leathers, lacquered wood veneers and fabric valences and curtains. The overall effect is at once timeless and thoroughly modern. As a result of these efforts, Celebrity now provides a broad range of entertainment programs in a groundbreaking, state-of-the-art facility.

  • Client: Celebrity Cruise Lines
  • Architect: Wilson Butler Architects
  • Completion Year: 2000
  • Location: Miami, Florida
  • Capacity: 900 seats

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New York University School of Law | Tishman Auditorium

New York University School of Law

Tishman Auditorium

Photo Credit: Studio Abe


Dedicated in 1967 and named in memory of former Law School Trustee David Tishman, Tishman Auditorium is an epicenter for intellectual discourse, hosting luminaries from around the world. The newly renovated TishmanAuditorium in Vanderbilt Hall reopened in January 2020 with a screening of the film Just Mercy. The new space, designed with accessibility in mind, features a new seating layout, lighting system, and technical control room. The updated stage has a more intimate relationship to the audience, and the redesigned wings have improved the acoustics. The auditorium also has state-of-the-art audiovisual and IT equipment, including multiple screens with projection and streaming capability.

  • Client: New York University School of Law
  • Architect: Matiz Architecture & Design
  • Completion Year: 2020
  • Location: New York, New York
  • Size: 4500sf
  • Capacity: 425 seats

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Rice University, Brockman Hall for Opera

Rice University, Brockman Hall for Opera

Photo Credit: Brandon Martin/Rice University


The Brockman Hall for Opera will house will house the Lucian and Nancy Morrison Theater, a three-tiered, 600-seat, European-style opera theater with an orchestra pit for 75+ musicians. “The opera house is a visual overture to prepare the audience to enter into the magical world conjured by the music, the story and the theatrical setting of the opera,” said Allan Greenberg, architect. “It facilitates a journey into the mind of the composer, in which the human voice gives breath to a living fantasy.”

The Brockman Hall for Opera will be “a transformative addition to the Shepherd School, the opera program, and the greater university,” said Shepherd School Dean Robert Yekovich. “The center will offer premium performance space for opera, chamber orchestra, chamber music and theater; meet the growing need for rehearsal and practice space; and provide a hallmark venue to attract and host high-profile speakers.”


Addtional Information
  • Auditorium, 600-seats, multi-tiered Opera Hall.
  • Sightlines optimized with proprietary VR simulations created by FDA, complimented with acoustic modeling by Threshold Acoustics, throughout design process.
  • Custom upholsters seats and loose chairs provided by Series Seating and KM Fabrics, feature custom end panels with cast mediations and donor plaques.
  • Orchestra pit for up to 75+ musicians. Two state lifts accommodate configurations for smaller pit orchestras and Baroque orchestras (at house level), stage extension, and an additional row of audience seating. Removable railings were designed to be interchangeable to reduced inventory and easy of change over.
  • Variable Acoustic banners and tracked curtains are integrated with architectural elements and custom fabrics, featuring motorized controls and customizable presets.
  • Stage Rigging technology features 30+ motorized linesets with precision position, variable 0-120fpm speed, dedicated house curtain control, and emergency safety infrastructure provided by Texas Scenic Company.
  • Theatrical Lighting system features dimmer-per-circuit distribution with selectable dimming or through-power to accommodate incandescent and LED fixtures, dedicated wired network and controls provided by ETC. Lighting distribution over stage via raceways and cable management pantographs.
  • A custom Orchestra Shell accommodates chamber ensembles and smaller recitals; ‘Diva’ model towers and deployable ceiling reflectors with integral lighting provided by Wenger Corp.
  • A custom forestage reflector integrates with the auditorium ceiling and deploys with variable speed and precision tilt controls by Texas Scenic Company.
  • Rehearsal Room features integrated pipe-grid and acoustic reflectors, dedicated theatrical lighting controls.
  • Stage and Rehearsal Room feature resilient stage floor with Masonite deck custom built to FDA specification.
  • Scene Shop located directly off stage through dedicated loading dock, features integrated dust collection, paint booth, and motorized lifting at scenic painting wall.
  • Client: Rice University
  • Architect: Allan Greenberg Architect
  • Completion Year: 2020
  • Location: Houston, Texas
  • Acoustician: Threshold Acoustics
  • Building Size: 84,000 s.f.
  • Capacity: 600 seats

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Tianjin Juilliard School

Tianjin Juilliard School

Photo Credit: Zhang Chao


FDA again partnered with Diller Scofidio + Renfro, the same firm responsible for the 2009 expansion of The Juilliard School’s iconic New York home, to design the school’s first overseas campus — a significant milestone for the institution. As the branch campus of The Juilliard School, The Tianjin Juilliard School is a new cultural institution that brings Juilliard’s artistic and educational mission to a wider global audience. The campus is a center for performance, practice, research, and interactive exhibitions, with communal spaces that are designed to welcome the public into the creative process and performance of music.

As many as 150 performances every year will be presented in the 690-seat concert hall (including 80 balcony seats), 299-seat recital hall, and 225-seat black box theater. These three state-of-the-art performing venues form the cornerstones of the new campus building. The concert hall is the institution’s primary performance facility and features mechanized wood stage risers that can transform the stage into various configurations. Surround-configuration allows for a more intimate relationship between the audience and performers. The recital hall is the acoustic workhorse of the school with nearly continuous use for student and faculty recitals. The black box theater has been designed for multi-media performances as well as recitals, small ensembles and chamber opera, and dance events. The theater features telescopic seating and an overhead wire rope grid that allows for flexible audience and lighting configurations.

The teaching spaces include 12 classrooms, 23 private teaching studios, and 86 practice rooms. There are rehearsal halls for large symphony orchestras and chamber ensembles, a percussion suite, double-reed rooms, a music library, administrative offices, public amenities, and ample spaces designated for electronic composition, recording, and video editing.

  • Client: Juilliard School

  • Architect: Diller Scofidio + Renfro

  • Acoustician: Jaffe Holden

  • Lighting: Tillotson Design Associates
  • AV/IT: Shen Milsom Wilke
  • Location: Tianjin, China

  • Completion Year: 2020

  • Size: 350,000 sq. ft.
  • Capacity:
    Concert Hall: 687 seats
    Recital Hall: 295 seats
    Tanoto Theater: 221 seats

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Arts Commons Transformation

Arts Commons Transformation (ACT)

Renders provided by CMLC


Located in the heart of Calgary’s Cultural District in the downtown core, Arts Commons occupies a full city block and is home to six resident companies: Arts Commons Presents, Alberta Theatre Projects, Calgary Philharmonic Orchestra, Downstage, One Yellow Rabbit, and Theatre Calgary. Arts Commons also houses rehearsal spaces, a costume and set construction shop, administrative offices, meeting rooms, a café, and the centralized Arts Commons Box Office. Each year, the center hosts more than 1,800 performances and events.

The first phase of the $660M transformation project will add a new building with a 1,000-seat theatre and 200-seat studio theatre to the Arts Commons campus.

The expansion’s dynamic design was supported by specialists in theatre planning and acoustic design to ensure the new theatre spaces exceed best-in-class technical requirements. The 1,000-seat theatre has the capacity to alter the floor layout to several unique configurations to accommodate the broadest variety of productions, and the 200-seat studio theatre’s design will enable multiple configurations with retractable and demountable platform seating and an opening out to the plaza.

“Through their collective experience, local knowledge and proven expertise in major arts and theatre projects, the team has delivered a truly inspiring design—a spectacular three-level building with 162,000 sq ft of modern features and amenities that will elevate Calgary’s growing arts community.”
– Kate Thompson, President & CEO of CMLC, development manager

“The transformation of the Arts Commons campus is a more than half-billion-dollar investment in Calgary’s arts and cultural future,” says Kate Thompson, President & CEO of CMLC, development manager for the expansion and modernization of Calgary’s premier performing arts centre. “Together with our partners at The City of Calgary and Arts Commons, CMLC has been working with the prime design team since early 2022 to advance the concept and schematic designs for this extraordinary city-building project. Today we’re ecstatic to reach a monumental milestone: the public unveiling of the new building’s design.”

The expansion building’s curved form, exterior cladding, and interior finishes are inspired by Alberta’s dramatic landscapes and the regional lodge With a naturally lit, fully transparent ground floor, the design team placed importance on the southeast corner where a gathering circle with a skylight provides space that welcomes Calgarians and encourages visitors to come together and share stories.

The design team also includes an accessibility consultant, ensuring the spaces are inclusive and accessible for The main floor entry and both stages are set flush to the adjacent pedestrian realm to allow for barrier free access to the performance spaces, and boast theatre seating at all levels and multiple central elevators.

  • Client: Calgary Municipal Land Corporation (CMLC)
  • Architect: KPMB Architects (Prime Design)
  • Architect: Hindle Architects (Design Consultant)
  • Architect: Tawaw Architecture Collective (Design Consultant)
  • Construction Management: EllisDon
  • Project Management: Colliers Project Leaders
  • Acoustic Consultant: Threshold Acoustics
  • Structural Engineer & Building Condition Assessment: Entuitive
  • Mechanical Engineer: Reinbold/Altieri Sebor Wieber
  • Electrical Engineer: Crossey Engineering (a Salas O’Brien Company) and DesignCore
  • Arts Management Consultant: AMS Planning and Research
  • Cost Consultant: Venue Consulting and A.W. Hooker Associates
  • Accessibility Consultant: Venue Consulting and A.W. Hooker Associates
  • Completion Year: 2028/2029
  • Location: Calgary, Alberta; Canada
  • Building Size: 162,000 SF
  • Size:
    • 1,000-seat theatre
    • 200- seat studio theatre

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Park Avenue Armory | Wade Thompson Drill Hall

Park Avenue Armory | Wade Thompson Drill Hall


The Park Avenue Armory, which has been called “the single most important collection of 19th century interiors to survive intact in one building” by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, contains interiors designed by Louis Comfort Tiffany, Stanford White, the Herter Brothers and other prominent artists at the turn of the century. Built for New York State’s prestigious Seventh Regiment between 1877 and 1881, the soaring 55,000 square foot Drill Hall remains one of the largest unobstructed spaces of its kind in New York.

Joining a host of unconventional spaces around the world (many in converted industrial, transport or military buildings), the Armory fills a crucial niche in the cultural landscape of New York, catalyzing and attracting works of art that cannot be realized at existing venues elsewhere.

FDA was engaged to design a new event infrastructure for the Head House and the Drill Hall, including overhead rigging, lighting, power, and data, and a full inventory of flexible seating and staging systems that can be reconfigured into a broad range of layouts. The revitialized venue will be utilized for conventions and fairs, gala events, performing arts, visual arts, fashion shows, sports events, exhibitions, weddings, concerts, banquets, and conferences.

  • Client: Park Avenue Armory Conservancy
  • Architect:Herzog & de Meuron
  • Arch. of Record: Platt Byard Dovell White
  • Completion Year: 2010
  • Location: New York, New York
  • Lighting: Fisher Marantz Stone Partners
  • Acoustician: Akustiks
  • Capacity: 1,500 seats

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